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Now I want to share about expert and theory of pragmatic.

Grice’s Cooperative Principle and maxims of conversation

As humans we are social beings and when we talk we usually talk with or to others (unless we do a monologue). Paul Grice, an English language philosophe, argues that speakers intend to be cooperative when they talk. For Grice, cooperative means that the speaker knows that each utterance is a potential interference in the personal rights, autonomy and wishes ( a potential face-threatening act) of the other. That is why we have to shape our utterances in a certain way. Grice formulated theprinciple of cooperation that underlies conversation, as follows:

Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at wich it occurs, by the accepted pupose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged(Grice 1975:45)

Grice’s cooperative principle is a set of norms that are expected in conversations. It consists of four maxims, we have to follow in order to be cooperative and understood:

Maxim of quality : As speaker we have to tell the truth or something that is provable by adequate evidence.

Maxim of quanity: We have to be as informative as required, we should not say more or less.

Maxim of relation: Our response has to be relevant to the topic of discussion.

Maxim of manner: We have to avoid ambiguity or obscurity; we should be direct and straightforward.

Example

Yet, successful communication does not only depend on WHAT we are saying but also on HOW we are saying something!

DEFINITION OF PRAGMATICS

Hello everyone, now I want to share definition about pragmatics. So please give me advice after you read this is, happy enjoy😉

 Leech (1983: 6) states that
pragmatics is the study of meanings in relation to speech situation.
Levinson (1983: 5) defines that pragmatics is the study of language use,
that is the study of relation between language and context which is basic to an
account of language understanding which involves the making of inferences which
will connect what is said to what is mutually assumed or what has been said
before. Pragmatics can also solve the problem between the speaker and the hearer,
especially the problem about point of view.
Leech (1983:36) states that pragmatics
involves problem solving both from the speaker’s point of view and from the
hearer’s point of view. The problem of speaker’s point of view is how to produce
an utterance which will make the result.

"From the opinions of the experts and my lecturer's explanation, I can conclude that pragmatics is something that has meaning. Where pragmatics speak based on situations and conditions according to their views directly without thinking long."